Define Eutrophication

Explanation

Eutrophication. The excessive use of fertilizers (nutrients) are washed out with rain water from the field into the rivers, lakes and ponds and promotes the profuse growth of algae (algal bloom) especially the blue green algae. Such algal blooms may totally cover the water surface and consume excess quantity of dissolved oxygen, causing depletion of oxygen in water for other organisms. Subsequently, algae often release toxins in water to inhibit the growth of other algae and aquatic animals (fishes). Thus, reduction of oxygen and toxin released in water affect the fish population and other aquatic life. The process of nutrient enrichment of water and consequent loss of species diversity is referred to as eutrophication.