Ethane is subjected to combustion process. During the combustion the hybrid state of carbon changes from :

Options

A. `sp^(2)` to `sp^(3)`
B. `sp^(3)` to sp
C. sp to `sp^(3)`
D. `sp^(2)` to `sp^(2)`

Explanation

To determine the change in the hybrid state of carbon in ethane during the combustion process, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Structure of Ethane:**
- Ethane (C₂H₆) is an alkane with the molecular formula C₂H₆. Its structure consists of two carbon atoms, each bonded to three hydrogen atoms.
- The hybridization of each carbon atom in ethane can be determined by the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs.

2. **Determine the Hybridization of Carbon in Ethane:**
- Each carbon atom in ethane forms four sigma bonds (three with hydrogen and one with the other carbon).
- Since there are no lone pairs on the carbon atoms, the hybridization can be calculated as:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \text{Number of sigma bonds} + \text{Number of lone pairs} = 4 + 0 = 4 \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of carbon in ethane is **sp³**.

3. **Write the Combustion Reaction of Ethane:**
- The combustion of ethane can be represented as:
\[ \text{C}_2\text{H}_6 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- Balancing the reaction gives:
\[ 2 \text{C}_2\text{H}_6 + 7 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 4 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} \]

4. **Identify the Hybridization of Carbon in the Products:**
- In the products, carbon dioxide (CO₂) is formed. The carbon in CO₂ has a double bond with each oxygen atom.
- The hybridization of carbon in CO₂ can be determined as follows:
- There are two sigma bonds (one with each oxygen) and no lone pairs.
- Thus, the hybridization is:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = 2 + 0 = 2 \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of carbon in CO₂ is **sp**.

5. **Determine the Change in Hybridization:**
- The hybridization of carbon changes from **sp³** in ethane to **sp** in carbon dioxide during the combustion process.

6. **Select the Correct Option:**
- The change in hybridization from sp³ to sp corresponds to option **2** (sp³ to sp).

### Final Answer:
The hybrid state of carbon changes from **sp³ to sp** during the combustion of ethane.

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