Which of the following tests can be used for differentiation among `1^(@), 2^(@)` and `3^(@)` alcohol ?

Options

A. Lucas test
B. Victor meyer's test
C. `Cu//300^(@)C`
D. Haloform reaction

Answer

To differentiate among 1-degree, 2-degree, and 3-degree alcohols, we can use the following tests:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Lucas Test**:
- **Reagent**: Lucas reagent is a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) and anhydrous zinc chloride (ZnCl2).
- **Procedure**: Add the alcohol to the Lucas reagent at room temperature.
- **Observation**:
- **3-degree alcohol**: Immediate turbidity (cloudiness) appears.
- **2-degree alcohol**: Turbidity appears after 5 to 10 minutes.
- **1-degree alcohol**: No turbidity (no reaction occurs).

2. **Victor-Meyer Test**:
- **Procedure**: This test involves multiple steps:
1. Convert the alcohol to an iodide by treating it with phosphorus and iodine (I2).
2. Treat the iodide with silver nitrate (AgNO3) to form a nitroalkane.
3. Treat the nitroalkane with nitrous acid (HNO2).
4. Finally, treat with NaOH or KOH to form an alkyne.
- **Observation**:
- **1-degree alcohol**: Blood red color appears.
- **2-degree alcohol**: Blue color appears.
- **3-degree alcohol**: Colorless solution.

3. **Copper Test**:
- **Procedure**: Heat the alcohol with copper at 300°C.
- **Observation**:
- **1-degree alcohol**: Forms aldehyde.
- **2-degree alcohol**: Forms ketone.
- **3-degree alcohol**: Forms alkenes (dehydrogenation occurs).

4. **Haloform Reaction**:
- This test is not suitable for differentiating between the three types of alcohols, as it is primarily used for aldehydes and ketones.

### Conclusion:
The tests that can be used for differentiation among 1-degree, 2-degree, and 3-degree alcohols are the Lucas test, Victor-Meyer test, and the Copper test. The Haloform reaction is not applicable.

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