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In heavy nuclei, the number of neutrons ...

In heavy nuclei, the number of neutrons is higher than the number of protons. Why ?

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In a nucleus there are two types of forces : (i) Short range, strong attractive forces between the nucleons. (ii) Electrosatic force of repulsion between the protons. So to overcome the forces of repulsion, number of neutrons must be greater than number of protons. As a result, nuclear force of attraction between the nucleons exceeds the electrostatic force of repulsion between the protons and hence the nucleons remain confined to nucleus.
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