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Why is cleansing effect of soap not effe...

Why is cleansing effect of soap not effective in hard water?

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Ordinary soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids like steric acid `(C_(17)H_(35)COOH)`, plamitic acid `(C_(15)H_(31)COOH)` etc.
Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions. These ions form insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps respectively when sodium or patassium soaps are dissolved in hard .water.
`underset("Sod. sterate (Soap)")(2C_(17) H_(35) COONa ) + underset("From hard water")(CaCl_2)to 2NaCl + underset("Insoluble calcium stearate")(C_(17) H_(35) COO)_2 Ca)`
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