What is STDs? Explain one Bacterial and one viral sexually communicated diseases. Why are they called silent diseases?

Explanation

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). Diseases or infections which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or Venereal diseases (VDs) or reproductive tract infections (RTIS). They are caused by viruses, bacteria, chlamydia and protozoa.
1. Syphilis. It is highly infectious venereal bacterial disease caused by (bacteria Treponema pallidum) with incubation period of 3-5 weeks.
Transmission is through sexual contact and from mother to children.
Synptoms. In the first stage there is indurated infectious and painless ulcer or chancre on the genitals and swelling of local lymph glands. In the second stage, chancre is healed and there are skin lesions, rashes, hair loss, swollen joints and flu-like illness occasionally. In the tertiary stage chronic ulcers appear on palate, nose and lower leg. There can be paralysis, brain damage, blindness, heart trouble and aortic impairment.
Diagnosis. The disease is diagnosed by clinical symptoms, microscopic examination and antibody detection.
Treatment. It is curable through appropriate antibiotics, e.g., Penicillin, Tetracycline.
2. AIDS. It is caused by virus HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus.
Symptoms. The symptoms of AIDS include fever, lethargy, pharyngitis, weight loss, nausia, headache, raches.etc. Because HIV attacks helper T lymphocytes, the patient gets immuno deficiency and he/she is unable to protect himself/herself against infections.
Diagnosis: AIDS can be diagnosed by ELISA test and Western Blotting test. Western Blotting diagnose test is used for confirmation of ELISA positive cases. PCR is also used to diagnose AIDS.
Transmission, Virus of AIDS is transmitted via blood and semen.
Incubation period. 6 months to 10 years.
Treatment. Although there is no cure of AIDS, yet use of certain drugs can prolong the life of AIDS patienl. Zidovudine or Azidothymidine (AZT) is the drug of choice for the treatment of AIDS. Didanosine is another drug employed to treat AIDS. STDs are called silent diseases because many of them are asymptomatic infections which produce no visible or immediate physical symptoms. So an individual may be surffering from STD and doesn.t come to know about it for days, weeks, months or even upto years because of no symptoms.
e.g., The bacterium chlamydia Trachoma causing chlamydiasis can be asymptomatic for months and upto years. So they are called as silent diseases.