Define ecosystem services. List examples of eco-system services.

Explanation

Ecosystem services. The products of ecosystem processes are named as ecosystem services. These products are
(i) Oxygen release (ii) Purify water
(iii) mitigate droughts and floods (iv) Nutrients cycling
(v) Generate fertile soil (vi) Provide wildlife habitat
(vii) Maintain biodiversity (viii) pollinate crops
(ix) provide storage site for carbon i.e., `CO_2` fixation
(x) also provide aesthetic, cultural and spiritual value.
the value of services of diversity is difficult to determine.
Robert Constanza et. al have tried to put price tags on nature life support processes which are largely taken for granted because they are free. Researchers have put an average price tag of US $ 33 trillion a year on these fundamental ecosystem services.
Soil formation occurs for about 50% : recreation , nutrient , cycling an other services less than 10% each while the cost of climate regulation and habitat for wildlife are about 6% each, out of the total cost of various ecosystem services.