Discuss properties and uses of X-ray?

Answer

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of X-ray:**
X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation that have a very short wavelength, which allows them to penetrate various materials.

2. **Properties of X-rays:**
- **Velocity:** X-rays travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, similar to other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
- **Wavelength:** X-rays have a very small wavelength, typically ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers.
- **Invisibility:** X-rays are not visible to the human eye, which means they cannot be seen without the aid of special equipment.
- **Effect on Photographic Plates:** X-rays can affect photographic plates, producing images or patterns when they pass through these plates. This property is utilized in various imaging techniques.

3. **Uses of X-rays:**
- **Study of Crystal Structure:** X-rays are extensively used in crystallography to determine the arrangement of atoms within a crystal. This helps in understanding the properties of materials.
- **Medical Imaging (Radiography):** X-rays are commonly used in medical imaging to view the internal structure of the body, helping in the diagnosis of fractures, infections, and tumors.
- **Surgery:** X-rays assist surgeons by providing real-time imaging during procedures, allowing for precise operations.
- **Industrial Applications:** X-rays are used in non-destructive testing to inspect the integrity of materials and structures without causing damage.