Differentiate zener and avalance breakdown.

Explanation

To differentiate between Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Definition of Zener Breakdown
Zener breakdown occurs in a p-n junction diode when a high electric field is applied across the junction. This high electric field causes a significant number of electrons to be pulled from the valence band to the conduction band, allowing current to flow across the junction.

### Step 2: Characteristics of Zener Breakdown
- **Voltage Range**: Zener breakdown typically occurs at lower reverse bias voltages (usually below 5V).
- **Mechanism**: It is primarily due to the quantum mechanical effect known as tunneling, where electrons tunnel through the energy barrier.
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