In Cu-ammonia complex the state of hybridization of `Cu^(+2)` is

Options

A. `sp^(3)`
B. `spd^(2)`
C. `sp^(3)d^(2)`
D. `dsp^(2)`

Answer

To determine the state of hybridization of Cu²⁺ in the Cu-ammonia complex (Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the oxidation state of copper
In the complex Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺, copper is in the +2 oxidation state (Cu²⁺). This is important because the oxidation state will influence the electron configuration of the copper ion.

**Hint:** Remember that the oxidation state of an element in a compound can affect its electron configuration.

### Step 2: Determine the electron configuration of copper
Copper (Cu) has an atomic number of 29. The electron configuration of neutral copper is:
\[ \text{Cu: } [Ar] 4s^1 3d^{10} \]

When copper is in the +2 oxidation state (Cu²⁺), it loses two electrons. The electrons are removed first from the 4s orbital, followed by the 3d orbital:
\[ \text{Cu}^{2+}: [Ar] 3d^9 \]

**Hint:** When determining the electron configuration for ions, always remove electrons from the outermost shell first.

### Step 3: Analyze the coordination of ligands
In the complex Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺, there are four ammonia (NH₃) ligands coordinated to the copper ion. Ammonia is a neutral ligand and donates a pair of electrons to the central metal ion.

**Hint:** Ligands can be neutral or charged, and their ability to donate electron pairs is crucial for determining hybridization.

### Step 4: Determine the hybridization
To accommodate the four ammonia ligands, the copper ion will undergo hybridization. The 3d, 4s, and 4p orbitals will mix to form hybrid orbitals. For four ligands, the hybridization will be:
- **dsp² hybridization**: This involves one d orbital, one s orbital, and two p orbitals.

**Hint:** The number of ligands can help you determine the type of hybridization: 4 ligands typically indicate dsp² hybridization in a square planar arrangement.

### Step 5: Conclusion
Thus, the hybridization state of Cu²⁺ in the Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ complex is **dsp²**.

**Final Answer:** The state of hybridization of Cu²⁺ in the Cu-ammonia complex is **dsp²**.

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