`CH_(3)-C-=Nunderset(2.H_(3)O^(+))overset(1.SnCl_(2)//HCl)(to)` Product
Reaction is called :

Options

A. Stephen reaction for preparation of amine
B. Stephen reaction for preparation of imine
C. Stephen reaction for preparation of ketone
D. Stephen reaction for preparation of aldehyde

Answer

To solve the question regarding the reaction of acetonitrile (CH₃CN) with SnCl₂ and HCl, we will follow a systematic approach to understand the process and identify the type of reaction.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reactants:**
The reactant in this reaction is acetonitrile, which has the structure CH₃C≡N. The reagents used are SnCl₂ and HCl.

2. **Understand the Role of Reagents:**
SnCl₂ (tin(II) chloride) acts as a reducing agent in this reaction. HCl provides the necessary acidic environment for the reaction to proceed.

3. **Initial Reaction:**
When acetonitrile (CH₃C≡N) reacts with SnCl₂ and HCl, it undergoes a reduction process. The SnCl₂ donates electrons to the nitrile group, facilitating the conversion of the triple bond (C≡N) to a double bond (C=N).

4. **Formation of Intermediate:**
The product formed after the initial reaction is CH₃CH=NH·HCl, which is an intermediate product known as acetaldehyde hydrochloride.

5. **Reaction with Water:**
The next step involves treating this intermediate with boiling water (H₂O). This leads to hydrolysis, where the imine (CH₃CH=NH) is converted into an aldehyde.

6. **Final Product Formation:**
The final products of this reaction are acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) and ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl).

7. **Identify the Type of Reaction:**
This entire process is known as the **Stefan Reduction**, which specifically refers to the reduction of nitriles to aldehydes.

### Final Answer:
The reaction is called the **Stefan Reduction**.

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