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Give eletrophilicity order of following ...

Give eletrophilicity order of following carbonyl compounds
(I) Benzaldehyde
(II) p-Tolualdehyde
(III) P-Nitrobenzaldehyde
(IV) Acetophenone

A

`IgtIVgtIIIgtII`

B

`IIIgtIgtIIgtIV`

C

`IVgtIIgtIgtIII`

D

`IIgtIVgtIgtIII`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the electrophilicity order of the given carbonyl compounds, we will analyze the influence of substituents on the carbonyl group in each compound. The electrophilicity of a carbonyl compound is influenced by the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature of the substituents attached to the carbonyl carbon. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Compounds:** - (I) Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) - (II) p-Tolualdehyde (C6H4(CH3)CHO) - (III) p-Nitrobenzaldehyde (C6H4(NO2)CHO) - (IV) Acetophenone (C6H5COCH3) 2. **Analyze the Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Effects:** - **Benzaldehyde (I):** No strong electron-withdrawing or donating groups. Moderate electrophilicity. - **p-Tolualdehyde (II):** Contains a methyl group (CH3) which is an electron-donating group (+I effect). This decreases electrophilicity compared to benzaldehyde. - **p-Nitrobenzaldehyde (III):** Contains a nitro group (NO2) which is a strong electron-withdrawing group (-M and -I effect). This increases electrophilicity significantly. - **Acetophenone (IV):** Contains a methyl group attached to the carbonyl carbon, which donates electron density (+I effect), reducing electrophilicity. 3. **Rank the Electrophilicity:** - The strongest electrophile will be the one with the strongest electron-withdrawing group, which is p-nitrobenzaldehyde (III). - Next, we have benzaldehyde (I) which has no strong electron-donating or withdrawing groups. - Following that is p-tolualdehyde (II) due to the presence of the methyl group which donates electrons. - Finally, acetophenone (IV) is the least electrophilic because it has both a carbonyl and a methyl group which donates electrons. 4. **Final Order of Electrophilicity:** - **p-Nitrobenzaldehyde (III) > Benzaldehyde (I) > p-Tolualdehyde (II) > Acetophenone (IV)** ### Electrophilicity Order: **(III) > (I) > (II) > (IV)**
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