Statement-II : Most `o-,P-`directing substitution are deactivating.
Because
Because
Statement-II : `o-,p-`directors have at least one ione pair of non-bonding electrons.

Options

A. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I
B. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True : Statement-II is `NOT` a correct explanation for Statement-I
C. Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False.
D. Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True.

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze the two statements provided and determine their validity based on our understanding of organic chemistry, specifically regarding ortho-para directing groups in electrophilic aromatic substitution.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ortho-Para Directing Groups**:
- Ortho-para directing groups are substituents that direct incoming electrophiles to the ortho and para positions of the aromatic ring. Common examples include -OH (hydroxyl), -OCH3 (methoxy), and -NH2 (amino) groups.

2. **Identifying Electron Donating and Withdrawing Effects**:
- Electron donating groups (EDGs) increase the electron density of the benzene ring, making it more reactive towards electrophiles. These groups typically have lone pairs of electrons that can be donated to the ring.
- Electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) decrease the electron density of the benzene ring, making it less reactive towards electrophiles.

3. **Analyzing Statement I**:
- Statement I claims that "most ortho-para directing substituents are deactivating." This is misleading because while many ortho-para directors are indeed activating (like -OH and -OCH3), halogens (like -Cl, -Br, -I) are exceptions as they are ortho-para directors but are deactivating due to their strong -I (inductive) effect. Therefore, this statement is **incorrect**.

4. **Analyzing Statement II**:
- Statement II states that "ortho-para directors have at least one lone pair of non-bonding electrons." This is generally true for most ortho-para directing groups, such as -OH, -OCH3, and -NH2, which all contain atoms with lone pairs that can participate in resonance with the aromatic ring. Thus, this statement is **correct**.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since Statement I is false and Statement II is true, the overall conclusion is that the first statement is incorrect while the second statement is correct. Therefore, the answer is option D: Statement I is false, and Statement II is true.

### Final Answer:
**Option D: Statement I is false, Statement II is true.**

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