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In case of meta-attack on aniline (where...

In case of meta-attack on aniline (where `-NH_(2)` group is `o-,` `p-` directing) and in case of ortho-attack on nitrobenzene, resonating structures are possible. Which of them are more stable ?

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(I)
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A third group is least likely to enter between two groups in the meta relationship. This is the result of steric hindrance and increases in importance with the size of the groups on the ring and with the size of the attacking species. When a Meat-directing group is meta to an ortho-para directing group, the incoming group primarily goes ortho th the meta directing group rather than para. Chlorination of m- chloro nitro benzene gives :

A third group is least likely to enter between two groups in the meta relationship. This is the result of steric hindrance and increases in importance with the size of the groups on the ring and with the size of the attacking species. When a Meat-directing group is meta to an ortho-para directing group, the incoming group primarily goes ortho th the meta directing group rather than para.

A third group is least likely to enter between two groups in the meta relationship. This is the result of steric hindrance and increases in importance with the size of the groups on the ring and with the size of the attacking species. When a Meat-directing group is meta to an ortho-para directing group, the incoming group primarily goes ortho th the meta directing group rather than para.

Among the following in which cases is the o//p ratio on nitration more the first compound?

The -NO_(2) group in an aromatic ring deactivates the ortho and para positions for an electrophilic attack. When -NO_(2) group is present at ortho or para positions of a leaving group (Nucleofuge) it activates the ring for nucleophilic attack. The reduction of -NO_(2) group by metal in acid causes its reduction to -NH_(2) group and then the ring becomes strongly activated for a electrophilic attack. The strong activation of -NH_(2) group is moderated by its acylation with CH_(3)COCl to -NHAc group. Deacylation is carried out by hydrolysis with H_(3)O^(+) or OH^(-) . The ring alkylation by using RX//AlX_(3) is not possible in presence of -NO_(2) or -NH_(2) group but is possible in presence of -NHAc group. The product (G) is :

The -NO_(2) group in an aromatic ring deactivates the ortho and para positions for an electrophilic attack. When -NO_(2) group is present at ortho or para positions of a leaving group (Nucleofuge) it activates the ring for nucleophilic attack. The reduction of -NO_(2) group by metal in acid causes its reduction to -NH_(2) group and then the ring becomes strongly activated for a electrophilic attack. The strong activation of -NH_(2) group is moderated by its acylation with CH_(3)COCl to -NHAc group. Deacylation is carried out by hydrolysis with H_(3)O^(+) or OH^(-) . The ring alkylation by using RX//AlX_(3) is not possible in presence of -NO_(2) or -NH_(2) group but is possible in presence of -NHAc group. The product (H) is :

The -NO_(2) group in an aromatic ring deactivates the ortho and para positions for an electrophilic attack. When -NO_(2) group is present at ortho or para positions of a leaving group (Nucleofuge) it activates the ring for nucleophilic attack. The reduction of -NO_(2) group by metal in acid causes its reduction to -NH_(2) group and then the ring becomes strongly activated for a electrophilic attack. The strong activation of -NH_(2) group is moderated by its acylation with CH_(3)COCl to -NHAc group. Deacylation is carried out by hydrolysis with H_(3)O^(+) or OH^(-) . The ring alkylation by using RX//AlX_(3) is not possible in presence of -NO_(2) or -NH_(2) group but is possible in presence of -NHAc group. The product (I) is :

Attack by a strong nucleophile such as CH_(3)O^(Theta) (Methoxide ion ) on an epoxide occurs at the least hindered carbon similar to an S_(N)2 reaction Attack by a weak nucleophile such as MeOH . Can occur only when the epoxide has been protonated so that a better leaving group is formed under acidic condition weak nucleophile attacks more substituted carbon to give final product . Which statement is true about base ring opening reaction of epoxide ?

It is not always easy to predict the position of attack on multiply substituted benzene. If the benzene ring bears different ortho//para directing group at the 1 and 4 positions, the position of further substitution is not immediately clear. Sometimes steric effects determine the outcome. In other cases, electronic factors determine the outcome, and further reaction will be at the position activated by the more strongly activating group. Some substituens are so strongly activating that no catalyst is needed, and it is often diffcult to stop substitution after mono substituion. Mild condition are needed to restrict the reaction to mono-substitution. It is possible to reduce the activity such groups by side chain reaction so that the reaction can be stopped use can sometimes be made of removable blocking groups on the ring. Which of the following synthesis could be done in the ring step ?

Stabilities of alkanes can be compared by converting these compounds to a common product and comparing the amount of the heat given off. One possibility would be to measure the heat of combustion from converting alkenes to CO_(2) and H_(2)O . The heats of combustion are of large values and measuring small difference in these large numbers is difficult. Alkene of the lowest heat of combustion among isomeric alkenes is of the lowest energy and is most stable. Th stability of alkenes is often compared by meansuring the ehat of hydrogenation 9 heat given off, Delta H_(h)^(@) during catalytic hydrogenation. The heat of hydrogenation is in smal number, which provides more accurate energy difference. For a compound containing more than one double bond, Delta_(h)^(@) is the sum of heat of hydrogenation of individual double bonds. For non - conjugated diens, this additive relatioship is found to hold. For conjugated dienes, however, the measured value is slightly lower than expected. Cumulated dienes, which are even less stable than non - conjugated dienes. The more stable is the alkene, lower is the heat of combustion and heat of hydrogenation. More highly substituted double bonds are usually more stable. In case of cyclokanes, compounds having higher angle strin are less stable. Which statement is false ?

ALLEN-ALKENE, ALKANE & ALKYNE -EXERCISE-4[A]
  1. Indicate wrong electron-migration :

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  2. Indicate more stable carbocation and explain :

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  3. In case of meta-attack on aniline (where -NH(2) group is o-, p- direct...

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  4. What are the major products of the following :

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  5. C(2)H(5)OHoverset(PCl(5))rarr(A)overset(KCN)rarr(B)overset(H(3)O^(+))r...

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  6. CH(3)CH(2)CH(2)OHoverset(PBr(5))rarr(A)overset(KOH(Alc))rarr(B)overset...

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  7. Why tertiary alcohols react less rapidly with metallic sodium than do...

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  8. Explain why ArOR ethers are cleaved to give RI and ArOH rather than ...

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  9. Complete the following reactions:

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  10. Complete the following reactions: (a) (b)

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  11. Provide products in the following reactions:

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  12. Identify the products A and B giving proper explanation : (a)

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  13. Indicate bonds which are cleaved I: In basic contions II: in acidic ...

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  14. In the following S(N)2 reaction

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  15. Which of the carbonyl groups in p-MeOC(6)H(4)COMe and p-NO(2)C(6)H(4)C...

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  16. Identify (A) in the given sequence of reaction PhCH(2)CHOoverset(SeO...

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  17. Arrange the following in decreasing order of nucleophilic addition C...

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  18. Compound X with molecular formula C(6)H(10)O form a semicarbazone and ...

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  19. (a) The double bond in aldehydes and ketones is reactive towards nucle...

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  20. Complete the following equations giving the structures of the major or...

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