Tissue matching is required in which of the following :

Options

A. homograft
B. autograft
C. allograft
D. both (1) and (3)

Answer

To answer the question "Tissue matching is required in which of the following: homograft, autograft, allograft, or both 1 and 3?", we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Tissue Matching**:
- Tissue matching involves comparing the histocompatibility complex of the donor and recipient. This is crucial to ensure that the cell surface proteins of the donor's tissue are compatible with those of the recipient. If they are not compatible, the recipient's immune system may reject the transplanted tissue.

2. **Identify the Types of Grafts**:
- **Homograft**: This is a transplant from one individual to another of the same species. For example, a kidney transplant from one human to another.
- **Autograft**: This involves transplanting tissue from one part of an individual’s body to another part of the same individual. For instance, skin grafting where skin is taken from one area of the body and placed on another.
- **Allograft**: This is a transplant between individuals of the same species who are genetically different. For example, a kidney transplant from a non-related donor to a recipient.

3. **Determine the Need for Tissue Matching**:
- **Homograft**: Tissue matching is generally required because the donor and recipient are different individuals, and there may be differences in their histocompatibility proteins.
- **Autograft**: Tissue matching is not required because the tissue comes from the same individual, so the proteins will be identical.
- **Allograft**: Tissue matching is required as the donor and recipient are different individuals, which may lead to compatibility issues.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, tissue matching is required for both homografts and allografts. Therefore, the correct answer is "both 1 and 3".

### Final Answer:
Tissue matching is required in both homograft and allograft (Answer: both 1 and 3).