Which radiations causes DNA damgage leading to neoplasitc transformations ?
(a) Ionising radiations
(b) X-rays
(c) Non-ionising radiations
(d) UV-rays

Options

A. a and b
B. b and d
C. a and b
D. a,b,c and d

Answer

To answer the question "Which radiations cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformations?", we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the terms
- **Neoplastic transformation** refers to the abnormal growth of cells, which can lead to cancer. This transformation is often caused by mutations in the DNA or RNA of the cells.

### Step 2: Identify the types of radiation
- **Ionizing radiation**: This type of radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, creating ions. This can lead to DNA damage and mutations.
- **X-rays**: These are a form of ionizing radiation and can also cause DNA damage, leading to neoplastic transformations.
- **Non-ionizing radiation**: This type of radiation does not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms. Examples include UV rays, visible light, and microwaves. They typically do not cause DNA damage.
- **UV rays**: These are a type of non-ionizing radiation. While they can cause some DNA damage, they are not classified as ionizing radiation.

### Step 3: Analyze the options
- **(a) Ionizing radiations**: Yes, they cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformations.
- **(b) X-rays**: Yes, they are a type of ionizing radiation and can cause DNA damage.
- **(c) Non-ionizing radiations**: No, they do not cause DNA damage.
- **(d) UV-rays**: While they can cause some damage, they are generally classified as non-ionizing radiation and do not lead to neoplastic transformations in the same way as ionizing radiation.

### Step 4: Conclusion
The correct answers are (a) Ionizing radiations and (b) X-rays, as both types can cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformations.

### Final Answer:
The correct options are (a) Ionizing radiations and (b) X-rays.

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