Some characters/structures are given below. How many of them are found in both bryophyta and pteridopyta?
(A) Archegonium
(B) Protonema
(C) Embryo
(D) Ovule
(E) Vascular tissue
(F) Antheridium

Options

A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five

Answer

To solve the question of how many characters/structures are found in both Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, we will analyze each character provided in the question:

1. **Archegonium**: This is the female reproductive organ where the female gametophyte develops. Archegonia are present in both Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts) and Pteridophyta (ferns).
- **Conclusion**: Present in both.

2. **Protonema**: This is a stage in the life cycle of mosses (Bryophyta) that develops from spores. It is a branched, thread-like structure. However, protonema is not found in Pteridophyta.
- **Conclusion**: Not present in Pteridophyta.

3. **Embryo**: Both Bryophyta and Pteridophyta develop embryos. In Bryophyta, the embryo develops from the fertilized egg, and in Pteridophyta, it also develops from the fertilized egg of the gametophyte.
- **Conclusion**: Present in both.

4. **Ovule**: Ovules are structures that develop into seeds after fertilization. Bryophyta and Pteridophyta do not produce seeds; they reproduce via spores. Therefore, ovules are not present in either group.
- **Conclusion**: Not present in either.

5. **Vascular Tissue**: Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) are present in Pteridophyta, which are vascular plants. Bryophyta, on the other hand, do not have true vascular tissues.
- **Conclusion**: Not present in Bryophyta.

6. **Antheridium**: This is the male reproductive organ where male gametes are produced. Antheridia are found in both Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.
- **Conclusion**: Present in both.

Now, let's summarize the findings:
- Present in both Bryophyta and Pteridophyta: Archegonium, Embryo, Antheridium.
- Not present in both: Protonema, Ovule, Vascular Tissue.

**Final Count**: 3 characters are found in both Bryophyta and Pteridophyta.