Select the correct option about `C_(4)` pathways/plants :

Options

A. Pineapple, Kalanchoe and Maize are `C_(4)` plants
B. Sugarcane, Pisum and Opuntia shows photorespiration
C. Maize, Sorghum, Sugarcane contains dimorphic chloroplast
D. Amaranthus, Wheat and Maize requires 30 ATP and 12 `NADPH^(+)` for 1 Hexose sugar synthesis

Answer

To solve the question regarding C4 pathways/plants, let's analyze each option step by step:

### Step 1: Analyze the first option
The first option states that "pineapple, kalanchoe, and maize are C4 plants."
- **Analysis**: Pineapple and maize are indeed C4 plants, but kalanchoe is a CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plant, not a C4 plant.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is incorrect.

### Step 2: Analyze the second option
The second option claims that "sugarcane, Pysum, and Opuntia show photorespiration."
- **Analysis**: Sugarcane is a C4 plant and does not undergo photorespiration, while Pysum (pea) and Opuntia (a cactus) are C3 plants and can undergo photorespiration.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is also incorrect.

### Step 3: Analyze the third option
The third option states that "maize, sorghum, and sugarcane contain dimorphic chloroplasts."
- **Analysis**: C4 plants like maize, sorghum, and sugarcane have two types of chloroplasts: those in the mesophyll cells and those in the bundle sheath cells. This is referred to as dimorphic chloroplasts and is characteristic of C4 plants.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is correct.

### Step 4: Analyze the fourth option
The fourth option mentions that "Amaranthus, Wheat, and Maize require 30 ATP and 12 NADPH+ for 1-hexose sugar synthesis."
- **Analysis**: While maize is a C4 plant that requires 30 ATP and 12 NADPH+ for the synthesis of one hexose sugar, wheat is a C3 plant and does not follow the same pathway. Therefore, this statement is incorrect.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is also incorrect.

### Final Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- The correct option regarding C4 pathways/plants is **Option 3: maize, sorghum, and sugarcane contain dimorphic chloroplasts.**

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