What is the basic concept of transformation experiment of Griffith:-

Options

A. R-II strains convert in new R-II strains
B. R-II strains transform in S-III strains
C. S-III strains transform in R-II strains
D. S-III strains transforms in new S-III strains

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Background**: The transformation experiment was conducted by Frederick Griffith in 1928. The main goal was to determine whether DNA is the genetic material responsible for heredity.

**Hint**: Remember that Griffith was trying to understand how bacteria could change their characteristics.

2. **Identifying the Bacterial Strains**: Griffith worked with two strains of the bacterium *Streptococcus pneumoniae*:
- **S strain**: This strain is virulent (causes disease) and has a smooth appearance due to its polysaccharide capsule.
- **R strain**: This strain is non-virulent (does not cause disease) and has a rough appearance because it lacks the capsule.

**Hint**: Focus on the characteristics of the two strains and how they relate to virulence.

3. **Conducting the Experiment**: Griffith injected mice with different combinations of these strains:
- Mice injected with the S strain died.
- Mice injected with the R strain lived.
- Mice injected with heat-killed S strain lived.
- Mice injected with a mixture of heat-killed S strain and live R strain died.

**Hint**: Think about what happens when you mix the heat-killed S strain with the live R strain.

4. **Observing the Results**: The mice that received the mixture of heat-killed S strain and live R strain died, and when Griffith examined their bodies, he found live S strain bacteria.

**Hint**: Consider what this implies about the R strain and its ability to change.

5. **Conclusion of the Experiment**: Griffith concluded that some "transforming principle" from the dead S strain bacteria was taken up by the live R strain bacteria, transforming them into virulent S strain bacteria. This was later identified as DNA.

**Hint**: Reflect on the concept of transformation in bacteria and how it relates to genetic material.

6. **Answering the Question**: The basic concept of Griffith's transformation experiment is that the R strain bacteria were transformed into S strain bacteria through the uptake of genetic material (DNA) from the dead S strain.

**Final Answer**: The correct option is that the R strain transforms into the S strain.