Herbivores and plants appear to be more adversely affected by competition than carnivores
(B) A species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area due to presence of a competitively superior species is called "Competitive Exclusion Principle"

Options

A. Both A & B correct
B. Only A is correct
C. Only B is correct
D. Both A & B incorrect

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Statements**:
- The first statement claims that herbivores and plants are more adversely affected by competition than carnivores.
- The second statement defines a species whose distribution is limited due to the presence of a competitively superior species as the "Competitive Exclusion Principle".

2. **Analyzing the First Statement**:
- Herbivores (primary consumers) feed on plants (producers) and are limited in their food choices. They cannot escape competition as they are stationary in their feeding habits.
- Plants, being producers, also cannot move away from competition. They are directly affected by herbivores that consume them.
- In contrast, carnivores (secondary consumers) have a wider range of food sources and can often switch to alternative prey if one becomes scarce. This makes them less adversely affected by competition.

3. **Conclusion on the First Statement**:
- The first statement is **true** because herbivores and plants face more direct competition and limitations compared to carnivores.

4. **Analyzing the Second Statement**:
- The Competitive Exclusion Principle states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if one is a superior competitor. The inferior species will be excluded from that niche.
- If a competitively superior species is present, the inferior species may be restricted to a smaller geographical area or may not survive at all.
- The statement incorrectly defines the principle; it should refer to the exclusion of the inferior species due to the presence of a superior one, not the other way around.

5. **Conclusion on the Second Statement**:
- The second statement is **false** because it misrepresents the Competitive Exclusion Principle.

6. **Final Answer**:
- The correct answer is that the first statement is true, and the second statement is false. Therefore, option A is correct.