After fertilization seed coat is formed by :

Options

A. Chalaza
B. Ovule
C. Integument
D. Embryo sac

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Structure of the Ovule:**
- The ovule consists of several parts, including the embryo sac, integuments (inner and outer), and the nucellus. The integuments are protective layers surrounding the embryo sac.

2. **Fertilization Process:**
- During fertilization, pollen grains generate a pollen tube that enters the ovule through a structure called the chalaza. The pollen tube carries the male gametes to the embryo sac.

3. **Formation of Zygote and Endosperm:**
- Inside the embryo sac, one male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (which develops into the embryo), while another male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

4. **Transformation of Ovule into Seed:**
- After fertilization, the ovule transforms into a seed. The nucellus, which provided nutrients to the embryo sac, dissolves after fertilization.

5. **Development of Seed Coat:**
- The outer integuments of the ovule develop into the seed coat. The seed coat serves to protect the seed and the developing embryo inside.

6. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the seed coat is formed by the integuments of the ovule after fertilization.

**Final Answer:**
The seed coat is formed by the integuments of the ovule after fertilization.

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