In which of the following bryophytes there are gemmae, the means of vegetative reproduction ?

Options

A. Riccia
B. Marchantia
C. Sphagnum
D. Anthoceros

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Bryophytes**: Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They thrive in moist, shady environments and require water for fertilization.

2. **Identifying Gemmae**: Gemmae are a form of asexual reproduction in some bryophytes. They are small, multicellular structures that can develop into new individuals.

3. **Gemmae Cups**: Gemmae are produced in specialized structures called gemmae cups, which are found on the thalli (the body of the bryophyte).

4. **Examples of Bryophytes**: The question asks for specific bryophytes that produce gemmae. Common examples include:
- **Marchantia**: A liverwort known for producing gemmae in gemmae cups.
- **Riccia**: A type of liverwort that does not typically produce gemmae.
- **Sphagnum**: A moss that does not produce gemmae.
- **Anthoceros**: A hornwort that also does not produce gemmae.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, the bryophyte that produces gemmae is **Marchantia**. Therefore, the correct answer is option number 2.

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