Non vascular embryophyta are :-

Options

A. Thallophyta
B. Bryophyta
C. Pteridophyta
D. (1) and (2) both

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Non-Vascular Plants**: Non-vascular plants are those that do not have specialized vascular tissues, namely xylem and phloem. This means they do not have the structures that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

2. **Defining Embryophyta**: The term "embryophyta" refers to land plants that have a multicellular embryo stage in their life cycle. This includes various groups of plants.

3. **Identifying Non-Vascular Embryophyta**: The main groups of non-vascular embryophytes are:
- **Bryophyta**: This group includes mosses and liverworts, which are characterized by their lack of vascular tissues.
- **Thallophyta**: This group includes algae, which also do not have vascular tissues and can be considered as simple non-vascular plants.

4. **Excluding Vascular Plants**: Other groups such as pteridophytes (ferns), gymnosperms, and angiosperms are vascular plants because they possess xylem and phloem. Therefore, they do not fall under the category of non-vascular embryophyta.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question of which non-vascular embryophyta are present would be the groups **Thallophyta** and **Bryophyta**.

**Final Answer**: Non-vascular embryophyta are Thallophyta and Bryophyta.

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