In ferns, the permanent roots are :-

Options

A. Tap root
B. Adventitious roots
C. Tuberous roots
D. Rhizome

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ferns**: Ferns are a type of vascular plant that reproduce via spores and have a distinct life cycle involving both a sporophyte and a gametophyte stage. They do not produce seeds or flowers.

2. **Identifying Root Types**: In plants, there are different types of roots:
- **Tap Root**: A single main root that grows deep into the soil.
- **Adventitious Root**: Roots that arise from an organ other than the root, such as stems or leaves.
- **Tuberous Root**: Swollen roots that store nutrients.
- **Rhizomes**: Horizontal underground stems that can produce roots and shoots.

3. **Roots in Ferns**: In ferns, the roots primarily emerge from the rhizome, which is the underground stem. These roots are not deep-seated like tap roots but instead arise adventitiously from the stem.

4. **Characteristics of Fern Roots**: The roots of ferns are adventitious roots. They develop from the rhizome and are morphologically similar to the roots of flowering plants. They also have root caps and root hairs that assist in water and nutrient absorption.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, the correct answer to the question "In ferns, the permanent roots are:" is **Adventitious roots**.

**Final Answer**: Adventitious roots (Option 2).

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