The mode of pollination in gymnosperme is :-

Options

A. Anemophily
B. Entomophily
C. Hydrophily
D. Any of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers, cycads, and ginkgo. They are characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed in an ovary.

2. **Types of Pollination**: There are different modes of pollination:
- **Anemophilic**: Pollination by wind.
- **Entomophilic**: Pollination by insects.
- **Hydrophilic**: Pollination by water.

3. **Characteristics of Gymnosperms**: Gymnosperms are typically heterosporous, meaning they produce two types of spores:
- **Microspores**: These develop into male gametes.
- **Megaspores**: These develop into female gametes.

4. **Pollination Process**: In gymnosperms, the transfer of microspores (male gametes) to megaspores (female gametes) occurs primarily through air currents. This indicates that they rely on wind for pollination.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the characteristics and the mode of reproduction in gymnosperms, the mode of pollination is predominantly **anemophilic**.

**Final Answer**: The mode of pollination in gymnosperms is **anemophilic**.

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