Equlibrium of gene frequencies is -

Options

A. `P^(2)xx2Pqxxq^(2)=1`
B. `sigma=sqrt((Pq)/(N))`
C. Hardy weinberg law
D. Mutation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Gene Frequency Equilibrium**: The equilibrium of gene frequencies in a population refers to a state where the allele frequencies remain constant over generations. This concept is primarily described by the Hardy-Weinberg Principle.

2. **Hardy-Weinberg Principle**: According to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences such as mutation, selection, gene flow, and genetic drift.

3. **Hardy-Weinberg Equation**: The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as:
\[ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \]
Here, \(p\) represents the frequency of one allele (e.g., A), and \(q\) represents the frequency of the other allele (e.g., a).

4. **Interpretation of Terms**:
- \(p^2\): Frequency of homozygous dominant genotype (AA).
- \(2pq\): Frequency of heterozygous genotype (Aa).
- \(q^2\): Frequency of homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
- The sum of all allele frequencies must equal 1, meaning \(p + q = 1\).

5. **Conclusion**: The equilibrium of gene frequencies is correctly described by the Hardy-Weinberg law. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the equilibrium of gene frequencies is equal to the Hardy-Weinberg law.

**Final Answer**: The equilibrium of gene frequencies is described by the Hardy-Weinberg law.

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