The natural rate of mutation is :-

Options

A. `1xx10^(-10)`
B. `1xx10^(-6)`
C. `1xx10^(5)`
D. `1xx10^(10)`

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Mutation**:
- A mutation is defined as a sudden change in the genetic sequence. It can occur in any part of the DNA and can affect genes, which are the basic units of heredity.

2. **Natural Rate of Mutation**:
- The natural rate of mutation refers to the frequency at which mutations occur in a given gene over a generation. For humans, this rate has been estimated to be between \(10^{-4}\) to \(10^{-6}\) mutations per gene per generation.

3. **Estimation of Mutation Rate**:
- The specific value often cited for the natural mutation rate in humans is approximately \(1 \times 10^{-6}\) mutations per gene per generation. This means that for every gene, there is a likelihood of one mutation occurring in every million generations.

4. **Historical Context**:
- The concept of mutation was first observed by a scientist named Seth Wright, who is credited with identifying mutations.

5. **Hotspots of Mutation**:
- Mutations do not occur randomly; there are specific areas in the DNA known as "hotspots" where mutations are more likely to occur. These hotspots are regions of the DNA that are particularly prone to changes.

6. **Types of Mutations**:
- Mutations can be classified into two main types:
- **Germinal Mutations**: These occur in germ cells (sperm and eggs) and can be passed on to the next generation.
- **Somatic Mutations**: These occur in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) and are not inherited by offspring.

### Final Answer:
The natural rate of mutation in humans is approximately \(1 \times 10^{-6}\) mutations per gene per generation.

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