Assertion :- Frame shift mautation is more harmful then substituation.
Reason : Acredine and pproflavin induce frame shift mutation

Options

A. If both Assertion & Reason are True & the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
B. If both Assertion & Reason are trur but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.
C. If Assertion is True but the Reason is Flase.
D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Assertion:**
- The assertion states that "Frameshift mutation is more harmful than substitution."
- To analyze this, we need to understand what frameshift mutations and substitutions are.

2. **Defining Frameshift Mutation:**
- A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence, causing a shift in the reading frame of the genetic code. This alteration can lead to the production of completely different proteins, which can be detrimental to the organism.

3. **Defining Substitution Mutation:**
- A substitution mutation involves the replacement of one nucleotide with another in the DNA sequence. This may result in a change in a single amino acid in a protein or may not affect the protein at all, depending on the nature of the substitution (silent, missense, or nonsense).

4. **Comparing the Effects:**
- Frameshift mutations are generally more harmful than substitutions because they alter the entire downstream sequence of amino acids, potentially resulting in a nonfunctional protein.
- In contrast, substitutions may not always lead to significant changes in protein function, especially if they are silent mutations or if the substituted amino acid has similar properties.

5. **Conclusion on Assertion:**
- Therefore, the assertion that "frameshift mutation is more harmful than substitution" is **true**.

6. **Understanding the Reason:**
- The reason states that "Acridine and proflavine induce frameshift mutation."
- Acridine and proflavine are known to be intercalating agents that can cause frameshift mutations by inserting themselves between DNA bases.

7. **Conclusion on Reason:**
- This statement is also **true** as both acridine and proflavine are recognized for their ability to induce frameshift mutations.

8. **Evaluating the Relationship:**
- While both the assertion and reason are true, the reason does not provide a direct explanation for why frameshift mutations are more harmful than substitutions. It simply states that these chemicals induce frameshift mutations.

9. **Final Evaluation:**
- Thus, we conclude that:
- Assertion: True
- Reason: True
- The reason does not explain the assertion.

**Final Answer:**
- Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion.

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