Which of the following hormone has no action on gene expression?

Options

A. (1) cortisol
B. (2) Aldosterone
C. (3) Progesterone
D. (4) Glucagon

Answer

To determine which hormone has no action on gene expression, we will analyze the options provided: cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone, and glucagon.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand Hormone Types**:
- Hormones can be classified into two major types: steroid hormones and protein/peptide hormones.
- **Steroid Hormones**: These hormones can cross the plasma membrane and directly interact with the cell's genetic material, influencing gene expression.
- **Protein/Peptide Hormones**: These hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane due to their size and structure. Instead, they bind to receptors on the cell membrane and exert their effects through secondary messengers.

2. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Cortisol**: This is a steroid hormone. It can enter cells and affect gene expression directly. Therefore, it does have an action on gene expression.
- **Aldosterone**: This is also a steroid hormone. Similar to cortisol, it can enter cells and influence gene expression. Thus, it also has an action on gene expression.
- **Progesterone**: This is another steroid hormone that can cross the plasma membrane and affect gene expression directly. Therefore, it has an action on gene expression.
- **Glucagon**: This is a protein hormone. It cannot cross the plasma membrane and instead binds to membrane-bound receptors, leading to the activation of secondary messengers. Therefore, glucagon does not have a direct action on gene expression.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Among the options provided, glucagon is the only hormone that has no action on gene expression.

### Final Answer:
**Glucagon** is the hormone that has no action on gene expression.

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