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A bacterium modifies its DNA by adding m...

A bacterium modifies its DNA by adding methyl groups to the DNA, It does so to

A

Clone its DNA

B

Be able to transcribe many genes simultaneously

C

Turn its gene on

D

Protect its DNA from its own restriction enzyme

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To answer the question "A bacterium modifies its DNA by adding methyl groups to the DNA. It does so to:", we will analyze the options provided and understand the role of methylation in bacteria. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding DNA Methylation**: - Methylation is a biochemical process involving the addition of a methyl group (CH3) to the DNA molecule, typically at cytosine bases in bacteria. - This modification can affect gene expression and DNA stability. 2. **Role of Restriction Enzymes**: - Bacteria produce restriction enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes are a part of the bacterial immune system, protecting against foreign DNA, such as that from viruses. 3. **Why Add Methyl Groups?**: - The addition of methyl groups to the bacterium's own DNA serves as a protective mechanism. It modifies the restriction sites so that the restriction enzymes do not recognize and cut the bacterium's own DNA. - Methylated sites are not recognized by the restriction enzymes, thus preventing the bacterium from cleaving its own DNA. 4. **Evaluating the Options**: - **Option A: Clone its DNA**: Cloning does not require methylation; it is about replicating DNA. - **Option B: Be able to transcribe many genes simultaneously**: Methylation does not directly influence the simultaneous transcription of genes. - **Option C: Turn its gene on**: Methylation generally represses gene expression rather than activating it. - **Option D: Protect its DNA from its own restriction enzyme**: This is the correct answer, as methylation protects the bacterium's DNA from being cut by its own restriction enzymes. 5. **Conclusion**: - The correct answer is **Option D: Protect its DNA from its own restriction enzyme**. This is the primary reason why bacteria add methyl groups to their DNA.
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