First artificial synthesised hormone is:

Options

A. Secretin
B. Insulin
C. Glucagon
D. Renin

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the first artificially synthesized hormone. This requires knowledge of hormones and their synthesis, particularly in the context of biotechnology.

2. **Identifying the Hormone**: The first artificially synthesized hormone is insulin. Insulin is a crucial hormone that regulates blood glucose levels and is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas.

3. **Historical Context**: Initially, insulin was extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. This method was used before the advent of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.

4. **Advancements in Synthesis**: In 1983, the American company Eli Lilly used recombinant DNA technology to synthesize insulin. They created the A and B chains of insulin, which consist of 21 and 30 amino acids, respectively.

5. **Joining the Chains**: After synthesizing the individual chains, they were purified and then joined together to form the mature insulin molecule.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that the first artificially synthesized hormone is insulin.

**Final Answer**: Insulin

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