Protoplast fusion was first established by :

Options

A. Mendel
B. Bateson
C. Cocking
D. Skoog

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Protoplast Fusion**: Protoplast fusion is a technique where the cell walls of two different plant cells are removed, allowing their protoplasts (the living part of the cell) to fuse together. This results in the formation of a hybrid cell.

2. **Identifying Key Figures**: The question asks who first established protoplast fusion. The options provided are Mendel, Bateson, Caulking, and Skoog.

3. **Evaluating Each Option**:
- **Mendel**: Known for his foundational work in genetics, specifically the laws of inheritance. He did not work on protoplast fusion.
- **Bateson**: Recognized for his studies in genetics and mimicry, but not for protoplast fusion.
- **Caulking**: Associated with the development of protoplast fusion techniques and somatic hybridization.
- **Skoog**: Known for his work in plant tissue culture and growth hormones, but not specifically for protoplast fusion.

4. **Conclusion**: Based on the evaluation, the correct answer is **Caulking**, as he was the scientist who first established protoplast fusion.

**Final Answer**: Protoplast fusion was first established by Caulking.

---