Write the characteristics of bundle sheath cells of `C_(4)` plants

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Kranz Anatomy**: Bundle sheath cells are a key feature of C4 plants, which exhibit a specialized structure known as Kranz anatomy. This unique arrangement is important for the efficient photosynthesis process in these plants.

2. **Tightly Packed Cells**: The bundle sheath cells are tightly packed together. This close arrangement helps in minimizing the loss of carbon dioxide, which is crucial for the C4 photosynthetic pathway.

3. **Thick-Walled Structure**: These cells have thick cell walls. The thick walls provide structural support and protect the cells from the external environment, ensuring that the internal processes of photosynthesis can occur efficiently.

4. **Abundance of Chloroplasts**: Bundle sheath cells contain a large number of chloroplasts. These chloroplasts are essential for the photosynthetic process, allowing the plant to convert light energy into chemical energy.

5. **Regulation of Substance Movement**: The bundle sheath cells play a vital role in regulating the movement of substances between the vascular tissue and the surrounding parenchyma cells. This regulation is crucial for maintaining the flow of nutrients and photosynthetic products.

6. **Protection of Vascular Tissue**: In the leaves of C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells protect the vascular tissue from direct exposure to air. This protection is important for preventing water loss and maintaining the efficiency of photosynthesis.

### Characteristics Summary
- Exhibit Kranz anatomy.
- Tightly packed structure.
- Thick cell walls.
- High density of chloroplasts.
- Regulate movement of substances between vascular tissue and parenchyma.
- Protect vascular tissue from air exposure.