### Step-by-Step Solution: Effects of Water Stress on Plants
1. **Wilting of Plants**:
- Water stress leads to a loss of turgor pressure in plant cells.
- Turgor pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid inside the cell against the cell wall, which keeps the plant cells inflated and the plant upright.
- When water is scarce, this pressure decreases, causing the cells to collapse and the plant to wilt, resulting in a limp appearance.
- If water stress continues, the plant may eventually die due to severe wilting.
2. **Reduction in Photosynthesis**:
- Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, producing food.
- Water is a crucial component of photosynthesis; thus, when water levels are low, the rate of photosynthesis decreases.
- This reduction in photosynthesis leads to a diminished internal food supply, which can cause the plant to yellow and weaken over time.
3. **Reduction in Respiration**:
- Respiration is the process by which plants break down food to release energy.
- With reduced photosynthesis due to water stress, the amount of food available for respiration decreases.
- As a result, the plant's energy production is hindered, leading to reduced or delayed growth.
4. **Reduction in Transpiration**:
- Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, primarily leaves.
- It helps maintain turgor pressure and nutrient transport within the plant.
- Under water stress, transpiration rates decrease, leading to further water loss and nutrient deficiency, which can ultimately result in plant death.
### Summary of Effects:
- Wilting of plants due to loss of turgor pressure.
- Decreased photosynthesis leading to reduced food supply and yellowing of leaves.
- Reduced respiration affecting energy production and growth.
- Decreased transpiration resulting in nutrient deficiency and potential death.
