Anterior pituitary & posterior pituitary hormones are regulated by hypothalamus respectively through

Answer

To answer the question regarding how the anterior and posterior pituitary hormones are regulated by the hypothalamus, we can break down the solution into clear steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Pituitary Gland**:
- The pituitary gland is a crucial endocrine gland in the human body, consisting of two main lobes: the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

2. **Hormones Secreted**:
- The anterior pituitary secretes several hormones including gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone.
- The posterior pituitary primarily secretes two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone).

3. **Role of the Hypothalamus**:
- The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that plays a vital role in regulating the functions of both the anterior and posterior pituitary glands.

4. **Regulation of Posterior Pituitary**:
- The hormones released by the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
- These hormones are then transported down the axons of hypothalamic neurons and stored in the posterior pituitary until they are released into the bloodstream.
- This regulation occurs through **direct neural regulation**.

5. **Regulation of Anterior Pituitary**:
- The anterior pituitary, on the other hand, synthesizes its own hormones.
- The secretion of these hormones is regulated by the hypothalamus through a specialized blood vessel system known as the **hypophyseal portal system**.
- This system allows hormones produced by the hypothalamus to travel directly to the anterior pituitary, influencing its hormone secretion.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by the hypothalamus through the **hypophyseal portal system**, while the posterior pituitary hormones are regulated through **direct neural regulation**.

### Summary Answer:
- Anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by the hypothalamus through the **hypophyseal portal system**, and posterior pituitary hormones are regulated through **direct neural regulation**.