Factors those interfere with the binding of `O_(2)` with haemoglobin are:____________.

Answer

To answer the question regarding the factors that interfere with the binding of oxygen (O₂) with hemoglobin, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Oxyhemoglobin Curve**:
- The oxyhemoglobin curve represents the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen (pO₂) and the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen.
- This curve is typically sigmoid (S-shaped), indicating that hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen changes with varying pO₂ levels.

2. **Identifying Key Factors**:
- Several factors can influence this curve and thus affect the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. The main factors include:
- **Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (pCO₂)**:
- An increase in pCO₂ leads to a decrease in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, resulting in a rightward shift of the curve.
- Conversely, a decrease in pCO₂ increases the affinity for oxygen, causing a leftward shift.

- **pH Level**:
- A decrease in pH (more acidic conditions) increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺), which decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen (right shift).
- An increase in pH (more alkaline conditions) results in a leftward shift, indicating increased affinity for oxygen.

- **Temperature**:
- An increase in temperature decreases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, leading to a rightward shift of the curve.
- A decrease in temperature increases the affinity for oxygen, resulting in a leftward shift.

- **Diphosphoglyceric Acid (DPG)**:
- Higher concentrations of DPG decrease hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen (right shift).
- Lower concentrations of DPG increase the affinity for oxygen (left shift).

3. **Conclusion**:
- The four main factors that interfere with the binding of O₂ to hemoglobin are:
- Increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO₂)
- Changes in pH
- Temperature variations
- Concentration of diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG)

### Final Answer:
The factors that interfere with the binding of O₂ with hemoglobin are: increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide, changes in pH, temperature variations, and concentration of diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG).

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