Explain co-evolution with reference to parasites and their hosts. Mention any four special adaptive features evolved in parasites for their parasitic· mode of life.

List any two adaptive features evolved in parasites enabling them to live successfully on their hosts .

(a) Write how parasites have evolved with adaptation to coexist with their hosts in an ecosystem. (b) Parasites are host specific and tend to co-evolve. How would the parasite respond if the host evolves a certain mechanism to resist or reject the parasite ?

While living in and on the host species, the animal parasite has evolved certain adaptations. Describe these adaptations with examples.

Explain Parasitism and co. evolution with the help of one example of each.

Read the following statements and select the correct option. Statement 1: Brood parasitism in birds is an example of parasitism in which the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and the host incubates them. Statement : During the course of evolution, the eggs of the parasite bird have evolved to resemble the host's eggs in size and colour to reduce the chances of the host bird detecting the foreign eggs and removing them from the nest.

(a) State what happens in the human body when malarial parasites infected RBCs burst to release the parasites in the blood. (b) Mention the specific sites in the host body where production of (i) sporozoites and (ii) gametocytes take place in the life cycle of the malarial parasites.

Describe very briefly any four regions of electromagnetic spectrum mentioning their special properties/features.

Which of the following is a monogenetic parasite (has only host in its life cycle) ?

The parasite which completes its life cycle in a single host is

(a) The graph given below represents the organisms response to temperature as an environmental condition. (i) Which one of the two lines represents conformers and why ? (ii) What does the other line in the graph represent and why ? (b) Mention the different adaptations the parasites have evolved with, to be able to successfully complete their life cycles in their hosts.