In which the following factors can interfere in binding of `O_(2)` with haemoglobin.
`A-P_(CO_(2))`
`B-H^(+)` ion concentration
C-Temperture

Options

A. Only A
B. B,C
C. A and C
D. A,B,C

Answer

To determine which factors can interfere with the binding of O₂ to hemoglobin, we need to analyze each option provided in the question:

**Step 1: Understanding Hemoglobin and O₂ Binding**
- Hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen (O₂) to transport it throughout the body. The binding of O₂ to hemoglobin can be affected by various factors.

**Step 2: Analyzing the Factors**
- **A. PCO₂ (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)**:
- An increase in PCO₂ leads to a decrease in pH (more acidic conditions), which promotes the release of O₂ from hemoglobin (Bohr effect). Thus, PCO₂ interferes with O₂ binding.

- **B. H⁺ Ion Concentration (pH)**:
- Higher concentrations of H⁺ ions (lower pH) also promote the release of O₂ from hemoglobin. This is due to the Bohr effect, where increased acidity reduces hemoglobin's affinity for O₂. Therefore, H⁺ ion concentration interferes with O₂ binding.

- **C. Temperature**:
- An increase in temperature decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for O₂, promoting O₂ release. This means that temperature can also interfere with O₂ binding.

**Step 3: Conclusion**
- All three factors (A, B, and C) can interfere with the binding of O₂ to hemoglobin. Therefore, the correct answer is that all the options listed (A, B, and C) are factors that can interfere with O₂ binding.

**Final Answer:**
All of the following factors can interfere with the binding of O₂ with hemoglobin:
- A. PCO₂
- B. H⁺ ion concentration
- C. Temperature

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