Which of the following lung volumes or capacities can be measured by spirometer `:`

Options

A. Functional residual capacity [FRC]
B. Residual volume
C. Total lung capacity [TLC]
D. Vital capacity

Answer

To determine which lung volumes or capacities can be measured by a spirometer, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Spirometry**:
- A spirometer is a device used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs. It can measure certain lung volumes and capacities directly.

2. **Evaluating Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)**:
- Functional Residual Capacity is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration.
- **Conclusion**: FRC cannot be measured directly by a spirometer.

3. **Evaluating Residual Volume (RV)**:
- Residual Volume is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation.
- **Conclusion**: RV cannot be measured by a spirometer because it cannot be exhaled.

4. **Evaluating Total Lung Capacity (TLC)**:
- Total Lung Capacity is the total volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inhalation. It includes all lung volumes.
- **Conclusion**: TLC cannot be measured directly by a spirometer as it includes residual volume.

5. **Evaluating Vital Capacity (VC)**:
- Vital Capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath.
- **Conclusion**: VC can be measured by a spirometer.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Out of the options provided, the only lung volume that can be measured by a spirometer is **Vital Capacity (VC)**.

### Summary:
The lung volume that can be measured by a spirometer is **Vital Capacity (VC)**.

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