Cardiac output is blood

Options

A. Received by heart per minute
B. Pumped by ventricles per sec
C. Pumped by left ventricle per minute
D. Pumped by left ventricle per hour

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Cardiac Output**:
- Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the volume of blood that the heart pumps per minute. It is specifically the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta.

2. **Identifying the Correct Definition**:
- Among the options provided, we need to identify which one correctly describes cardiac output. The options are:
- Blood received by the heart per minute
- Pumped by ventricles per second
- Pumped by ventricles per minute
- Pumped by left ventricle per hour

3. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **Blood received by the heart per minute**: This is incorrect because cardiac output refers to the blood being pumped out, not received.
- **Pumped by ventricles per second**: This is also incorrect as cardiac output is measured per minute, not per second.
- **Pumped by ventricles per minute**: This option is partially correct, but it is more accurate to specify that it is the left ventricle that pumps the blood.
- **Pumped by left ventricle per hour**: This is incorrect since cardiac output is measured per minute.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The most accurate definition of cardiac output from the given options is "pumped by ventricles per minute," but it is more precise to say "pumped by left ventricle per minute."

5. **Calculating Cardiac Output**:
- Cardiac output can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Cardiac Output (CO)} = \text{Stroke Volume (SV)} \times \text{Heart Rate (HR)} \]
- For example, if the stroke volume is 70 ml and the heart rate is 75 beats per minute, then:
\[ \text{CO} = 70 \, \text{ml/beat} \times 75 \, \text{beats/min} = 5250 \, \text{ml/min} \text{ or } 5.25 \, \text{liters/min} \]

**Final Answer**: Cardiac output is best defined as "pumped by left ventricle per minute."

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