_______is the root of any breeding programme.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Breeding Programs**: Breeding programs involve the mating of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with improved traits or qualities. This process is essential in agriculture and animal husbandry to enhance desirable characteristics.

2. **Identifying the Core Element**: The question asks for the fundamental aspect or "root" of any breeding program. This refers to the foundational concept that underpins successful breeding.

3. **Recognizing Genetic Variability**: The key to a successful breeding program is genetic variability. This refers to the diversity of genes within a species or population. Genetic variability is crucial because it provides the raw material for selection and breeding.

4. **Importance of Genetic Variability**: Genetic variability allows breeders to select for specific traits that may be beneficial, such as disease resistance, higher yield, or better nutritional quality. Without genetic variability, there would be limited options for selection, which could hinder the improvement of breeds.

5. **Collection and Preservation**: Effective breeding programs often involve the collection and preservation of various wild relatives, nearby crop varieties, and other genetic resources. This ensures that a diverse gene pool is available for breeding purposes.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the answer to the question is "genetic variability," as it is the foundational element that enables successful breeding programs.

**Final Answer**: Genetic variability is the root of any breeding program.

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