Certain hormones also act as tumour promoters and also oncogenic growth factors.
Which statement is correct in this context ?

Options

A. Estrogen act as a carcinogen in females and causes breast cancer.
B. Testosterone causes testicular cancer.
C. Certain hormones promotes proliferation of cancer cells which already undergoes oncogenic transformation.
D. All statements are correct.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the role of certain hormones as tumor promoters and oncogenic growth factors, we will analyze each statement provided in the options.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Context**: The question states that certain hormones can act as tumor promoters and oncogenic growth factors. We need to evaluate the statements related to this context.

2. **Evaluating the First Statement**:
- The first statement claims that estrogen acts as a carcinogen in females and causes breast cancer.
- **Analysis**: While estrogen is linked to breast cancer, it is not accurate to label it solely as a carcinogen. Estrogen plays a role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and can promote the growth of existing tumors rather than directly causing cancer.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is incorrect.

3. **Evaluating the Second Statement**:
- The second statement asserts that testosterone causes testicular cancer.
- **Analysis**: Testosterone is primarily responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production. There is no direct evidence that testosterone itself causes testicular cancer.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is also incorrect.

4. **Evaluating the Third Statement**:
- The third statement indicates that certain hormones promote the proliferation of cancer cells that have already undergone oncogenic transformation.
- **Analysis**: This statement is accurate. Hormones can indeed promote the growth of cells that have already been transformed into cancerous cells, acting as tumor promoters.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is correct.

5. **Evaluating the Fourth Statement**:
- The fourth statement claims that all statements are correct.
- **Analysis**: Since the first two statements have been determined to be incorrect, this statement cannot be true.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is incorrect.

6. **Final Conclusion**: Based on the evaluations, the only correct statement is the third one. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is the third statement.

### Final Answer:
The correct statement in this context is: "Certain hormones promote the proliferation of cancer cells that have already undergone oncogenic transformation."

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