An industrial melanism supports :

Options

A. Natural selection
B. Migration
C. Geneflow
D. Genetic drift

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Industrial Melanism**: Industrial melanism refers to the phenomenon where darker-colored individuals of a species become more common in industrial areas due to pollution. This is a classic example of natural selection.

2. **Historical Context**: Before industrialization in England (around 1860), the environment was characterized by light-colored tree trunks covered with white lichens. In this environment, light-colored (white-winged) moths were better camouflaged against predators compared to dark-colored (dark-winged) moths.

3. **Impact of Industrialization**: With the onset of industrialization, pollution caused the tree trunks to darken due to soot and smoke. This change in the environment altered the survival dynamics of the moths.

4. **Survival of the Fittest**: After industrialization (around 1920), the dark-winged moths became better camouflaged against the now-darkened tree trunks. As a result, they were less likely to be seen and eaten by predators, leading to an increase in their population.

5. **Conclusion**: The shift in the population from predominantly white-winged moths to predominantly dark-winged moths illustrates the process of natural selection, where the traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more common in the population over time.

**Final Answer**: Industrial melanism supports natural selection.

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