Which of the following statements are correct ?
(a) Bacteria are the sole members of the kingdom monera
(b) Some bacteria can survive without oxygen and some of them are pathogenic
(c )Bacteria reproduce by sexual method of reproduction
(d)Heterotrophic bacteria use chemical energy for food synthesis
(e)Some archaebacteria show symbiotic association with cattles.

Options

A. (a), (b) and (c) are correct
B. (c), (d) and (e) are correct
C. (a), (b) and (d) are correct
D. (a), (c) and (d) are correct

Answer

To determine which statements about bacteria and the kingdom Monera are correct, we will analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement (a): Bacteria are the sole members of the kingdom Monera.**
- **Analysis:** This statement is correct. The kingdom Monera includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms, and bacteria are indeed the sole members of this kingdom. Monera is characterized by the absence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- **Conclusion:** **Correct**

2. **Statement (b): Some bacteria can survive without oxygen and some of them are pathogenic.**
- **Analysis:** This statement is also correct. Many bacteria can survive in anaerobic conditions (without oxygen), such as Clostridium and Bacteroides. Additionally, some bacteria are pathogenic, meaning they can cause disease.
- **Conclusion:** **Correct**

3. **Statement (c): Bacteria reproduce by sexual method of reproduction.**
- **Analysis:** This statement is incorrect. Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually through binary fission. They do not reproduce sexually, although they can exchange genetic material through processes like conjugation.
- **Conclusion:** **Incorrect**

4. **Statement (d): Heterotrophic bacteria use chemical energy for food synthesis.**
- **Analysis:** This statement is correct. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of organic compounds (like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and use this chemical energy for their metabolic processes.
- **Conclusion:** **Correct**

5. **Statement (e): Some archaebacteria show symbiotic association with cattle.**
- **Analysis:** This statement is incorrect. While some archaebacteria do form symbiotic relationships, the specific association with cattle is not well-documented. Archaebacteria are more commonly associated with extreme environments and do not typically have symbiotic relationships with cattle.
- **Conclusion:** **Incorrect**

### Final Summary of Correct Statements:
- Correct Statements: (a), (b), and (d)
- Incorrect Statements: (c) and (e)