Which of the following feature is/are associated with protista ?
(a) Zygote formation
(b) Primarily aquatic
(c) Flagellated structures are absent in all members
(d) Well defined nucleus
(e) Shows various type of nutrition

Options

A. a, c, d
B. a, b, d, e
C. b, c, d, e
D. c, d, e

Answer

To determine which features are associated with the kingdom Protista, we will analyze each option provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Zygote Formation (Option a)**:
- Protista can reproduce both asexually and sexually. In sexual reproduction, the fusion of gametes leads to zygote formation. Therefore, this feature is associated with Protista.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

2. **Primarily Aquatic (Option b)**:
- Most protists are found in aquatic environments, including freshwater and marine ecosystems. Examples like amoeba and paramecium are predominantly aquatic organisms.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

3. **Flagellated Structures are Absent in All Members (Option c)**:
- This statement is incorrect because some protists, such as Euglena and dinoflagellates, possess flagella. Hence, flagellated structures are not absent in all members of Protista.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **incorrect**.

4. **Well-Defined Nucleus (Option d)**:
- Protista are eukaryotes, which means they have a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. This is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

5. **Shows Various Types of Nutrition (Option e)**:
- Protists exhibit diverse nutritional modes, including photosynthesis (in algae), parasitism (like Plasmodium), and saprophytism. Therefore, they show various types of nutrition.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **correct**.

### Final Answer:
The features associated with Protista are:
- (a) Zygote formation: **Correct**
- (b) Primarily aquatic: **Correct**
- (c) Flagellated structures are absent in all members: **Incorrect**
- (d) Well-defined nucleus: **Correct**
- (e) Shows various types of nutrition: **Correct**

Thus, the correct options are **(a), (b), (d), and (e)**.

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