Read the following statements :-
(A) Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by spore formation
(B) In Marchantia gemmae are green, unicellular asexual buds.
(C) Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by fragmentation and budding in the secondary protonema.
(D) The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts. In above statements how many are correct & incorrect.

Options

A. A, C - correct, B, D - incorrect
B. A, D - correct, B, C - incorrect
C. C, D - correct, A, B - incorrect
D. A, B - correct, C, D - incorrect

Answer

To determine how many of the provided statements are correct or incorrect, let's analyze each statement step by step.

### Step 1: Analyze Statement A
**Statement A:** Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by spore formation.

- **Analysis:** Asexual reproduction in liverworts primarily occurs through fragmentation and gemmae (asexual buds), not by spore formation. Spore formation is a characteristic of the sporophyte generation in liverworts, but it is not a method of asexual reproduction.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **incorrect**.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement B
**Statement B:** In Marchantia, gemmae are green, unicellular asexual buds.

- **Analysis:** Marchantia is a type of liverwort, and its gemmae are indeed green; however, they are multicellular structures, not unicellular. Gemmae are responsible for asexual reproduction in liverworts.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **incorrect**.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement C
**Statement C:** Vegetative reproduction in mosses is by fragmentation and budding in the secondary protonema.

- **Analysis:** Mosses can reproduce vegetatively through fragmentation, and budding can occur in the secondary protonema. The secondary protonema is a stage that arises after the germination of spores and can give rise to new gametophytes.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

### Step 4: Analyze Statement D
**Statement D:** The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts.

- **Analysis:** The sporophyte of mosses is indeed more complex and elaborate compared to that of liverworts. Mosses have a distinct sporophyte structure that includes a stalk (seta) and a capsule where spores are produced, while liverworts have simpler sporophytes.
- **Conclusion:** This statement is **correct**.

### Final Summary
- **Correct Statements:** C and D
- **Incorrect Statements:** A and B

Thus, out of the four statements, **2 are correct (C and D)** and **2 are incorrect (A and B)**.