For successful transplantation, matching of HLA allele and MHC protein of donor and recipient is done, In which category of grafting, this matching is required ?

Options

A. Allograft
B. Heterograft
C. Xenograft
D. Isograft

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Grafting Categories**: Grafting is categorized into different types based on the genetic relationship between the donor and the recipient. The main categories are:
- **Isograft**: Transplantation between genetically identical individuals (e.g., identical twins).
- **Allograft**: Transplantation between genetically non-identical individuals of the same species.
- **Xenograft (or Heterograft)**: Transplantation between different species.

2. **Identifying the Need for HLA and MHC Matching**: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins play a crucial role in the immune response. For successful transplantation, it is essential to minimize the risk of rejection by ensuring compatibility between the donor and recipient's immune systems.

3. **Matching in Different Grafting Types**:
- **Isograft**: Since the donor and recipient are genetically identical, there is no need for HLA and MHC matching.
- **Allograft**: HLA and MHC matching is critical here, as the donor and recipient are not genetically identical, and mismatches can lead to rejection.
- **Xenograft**: This involves different species, and while there are compatibility issues, HLA and MHC matching are not typically applicable.

4. **Conclusion**: The matching of HLA alleles and MHC proteins is specifically required in **Allograft** transplantation, where the donor and recipient are from the same species but genetically different.

5. **Final Answer**: The matching of HLA allele and MHC protein of donor and recipient is required in **Allograft** transplantation.

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