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Which of the following is /are correct...

Which of the following is /are correct ?

A

A uniform capillary is held vertically with its lower end dipped in water . The water rise to 10 cm . If the capillary is now broken at a level of 6 cm above water level in the vessel , a fountain will be observed .

B

Water is flowing through a capillary in streamline fashion at rate Q . For a capillary of two - fold radius , other factors remaining unchanged , the flow rate will be 2Q

C

For a soap bubble of outer surface area S and tension T , the surface energy will be 2TS.

D

When a sprayer changes 1 drop of a liquid into `10^(6)` droplets (assumed of equal size ) the surface energy increase by a factor of `10^(4)`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine which of the statements provided in the question are correct, we will analyze each statement one by one. ### Step 1: Analyze Statement A **Statement A:** A uniform capillary is held vertically with its lower end dipped in water. The water rises to 10 cm. If the capillary is now broken at a level of 6 cm above the water level in the vessel, a fountain will be observed. **Analysis:** - When the capillary is broken at 6 cm, the water column above this break will no longer be supported by atmospheric pressure, and thus, it will not rise to form a fountain. - This scenario would imply a perpetual motion machine, which is not possible. **Conclusion:** Statement A is incorrect. ### Step 2: Analyze Statement B **Statement B:** Water is flowing through a capillary in streamline fashion at rate Q. For a capillary of 2-fold radius, other factors remaining unchanged, the flow rate will be 2q. **Analysis:** - The flow rate \( I \) is given by \( I = A \cdot v \), where \( A \) is the cross-sectional area and \( v \) is the velocity. - The area \( A \) is proportional to the square of the radius \( r \). If the radius is doubled (2-fold), then the new area \( A' = \pi (2r)^2 = 4\pi r^2 = 4A \). - Since the area increases by a factor of 4, the flow rate will also increase by a factor of 4, not 2. **Conclusion:** Statement B is incorrect. ### Step 3: Analyze Statement C **Statement C:** For a soap bubble of outer surface area S and tension T, the surface energy will be 2Ts. **Analysis:** - The surface energy \( SE \) of a soap bubble is given by \( SE = 4T \times S \) because a soap bubble has two surfaces (inner and outer). - Therefore, the surface energy cannot be simply \( 2Ts \). **Conclusion:** Statement C is incorrect. ### Step 4: Analyze Statement D **Statement D:** When a sprayer changes one drop of liquid into \( 10^6 \) droplets, the surface energy is increased by a factor of \( 10^4 \). **Analysis:** - Let the volume of one drop be \( V_1 = \frac{4}{3} \pi R^3 \) and the volume of one droplet be \( V_2 = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 \). - If one drop is converted into \( 10^6 \) droplets, then \( V_1 = 10^6 V_2 \). - This implies \( R^3 = 10^6 r^3 \) or \( R = 10^{-2} r \). - The surface area \( A \) is proportional to the square of the radius, so \( A_1/A_2 = R^2/r^2 = (10^{-2})^2 = 10^{-4} \). - The initial surface energy \( SE_1 = 2T \cdot A_1 \) and the final surface energy for all droplets combined \( SE_2 = 10^6 \cdot 2T \cdot A_2 \). - Thus, \( SE_2 = 10^6 \cdot 2T \cdot (A_1/10^4) = 10^2 \cdot SE_1 \). **Conclusion:** Statement D is incorrect. ### Final Conclusion None of the statements A, B, C, or D are correct. ---
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