Which of the following metal ions cannot form both high spin and low spin octahedral complexes

Options

A. `Ti^(3+)`
B. `Co^(2+)`
C. `Fe^(2+)`
D. `Cu^( 2+)`

Explanation

To determine which metal ions cannot form both high spin and low spin octahedral complexes, we will analyze the electronic configurations of the given metal ions based on their oxidation states and how they interact with ligands in an octahedral field.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding d-Orbital Splitting**:
- In an octahedral field, the five d-orbitals split into two sets: the lower energy t2g (three orbitals) and the higher energy eg (two orbitals). The splitting pattern depends on the nature of the ligands (strong field vs weak field).

2. **Analyzing Ti³⁺ (Titanium)**:
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