One of the point intresting and useful aspects on stereochemisty is the stuyd of what happens to optically active molecules when they react. The product isolated from the reaction of a chiral starting mterial can tell us a great deal about the reaction mechanism.
In which is inversion of configuration ?
One of the point intresting and useful aspects on stereochemisty is the stuyd of what happens to optically active molecules when they react. The product isolated from the reaction of a chiral starting mterial can tell us a great deal about the reaction mechanism.
In which is inversion of configuration ?
In which is inversion of configuration ?
A
`H-underset(C_(6)H_(13)) underset(|) overset(C_(3))overset(|)C-Br overset(Nal) underset("acetone")to`
B
`CH_(3)-underset(C_(3)H_(7)) underset(|) overset(C_(2)H_(5))overset(|)C-Br overset(Nal) underset("acetone"//"water")to`
C
`H-underset(C_(3)) underset(|) overset(C_(2)H_(5))overset(|)C-OH+Cl-overset(O) overset(||)S-Cl to`
D
`H-underset(HC=CH_(2)) underset(|) overset(C_(3)H_(7))overset(|)C-OH+ H_(2) overset(Pt)to`
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The correct Answer is:
A
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Of the following statements , which are true for S_(N)2 reaction. (a) Tertiar alkyl halides reacts faster than secondary. (b) The absolute configuration of product is opposite to that of the reactant when an optically active substrate is used. (c) The used shows first order kinetics. (d) The rate of the reaction depends markedly on the nucleophilicity of the attacking reagent. (e) The mechanism is one step. (f) Carbocations are intermediate. (g) Rate prop [Alkyl][halides] (h) The rate of the reaction depends on the nature of the leaving group.
Of the following statements which are true for S_(N)1 reaction. (a) Tertiary alkyl halides react faster than secondary. (b) The absolute confuguration of the product is oppsoite to that of the reactant when an optical active substrate is used. (c) The reactio shows first order kinetics. (d) The rate of reaction depends markely on the nucleophilicity of the nucleophile. (e) The mechanism is two step. (f) Carbocations are intermediate. (g) Rate = K [Alkyl][halide] (h) The rate of teh reaction depends on the nature of the leaving group.
Molecules of the amino acids that comprise our proteins have the property of being non-super imposable on their mirror images because,. They are said to be chiral or possess 'handedness'. Most of the amino acids are of left handed form, but with no reasons available. Even more interesting recent experiments have shown that a 7-9% excess of four amino acids is present in Murchison meteorite discovered in 1970. This analysis shows life could arise outside the confines of earth. The origin of unequal distribution is probably because of electromagnetic radiations emitted in a corkscrew fashion from the poles of spinning neutron stars could lead to a bias of one mirror image isomer over another when molecules form in interstellar space. A stereogenic carbon can be defined as a carbon atom bearing groups of such nature that an interchange of any two groups will produce a stereoisomer. The device that is used for measuring the effect of optically active compounds on plane polarized light is a polarimeter. The analyser in the polarimeter decides the activity of compound present. This is being decided on the basis of angle by which axis of analyser has to be rotated for complete brightness. Left, right or no adjustment decides l, d - activity or optical inactivity respectively. Optically inactive isomer possessing chiral centres are categorized as
Consider a sturated solution of silver chloride that is in contact with solid silver chloride. The solubility equilibrium can be represented as AgCl(s)hArrAg^(+)(aq.)+Cl^(-)(aq.)," "K_(sp)=[Ag^(+)(aq.)][Cl^(-)(aq.)] Where K_(sp) is clled the solubility product constant or simply the solubility product. In general, the solubility product of a compound is the product of the molar concentrations of the constituent ions, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient in the equilibrium equation. For concentrations of ions that do not necessarliy correpond to equilibrium conditions we use the reaction quotient (Q) which is clled the ion or ionic prodect (Q) to predict whether a precipitate will from. Note that (Q) has the same for as K_(sp) are QltK_(sp) Unsaturated solution Q=K_(sp) Saturated solution Qgt_(sp) Supersaturated solution, precipitate will from At 25^(@)C, will a precipitate of Mg (OH)_(2) from when a 0.0001 M solution of Mg(NO_(3))_(2) is adjusted to a pH of 9.0 ? At what minimum value of pH will precipition start ? ["Given" : K_(sp)(Mg(OH)_(2))=10^(-11)M^(3)]
Read the given passage and answer the questions number 1 to 5 that follow: The substitution reaction of alkyl halide mainly occurs by S_N 1 and S_N 2 mechanism. Whatever mechanism alkyl halides follow for the substitution reaction to occur, the polarity of the carbon halogen bond is responsible for these substitution reactions. The rate of S_N 1 reactions are governed by the stability of carbocation whereas for S_N 2 reactions steric factor is the deciding factor. If the starting material is a chiral compound, we may end up with an inverted product or racemic mixture depending upon the type of mechanism followed by alkyl halide. Cleavage of ethers with HI also governed by steric factor and stability of carbocation, which indicates that in organic chemistry, these two major factors help us in deciding the kind of product formed 1. Predict the stereochemistry of the product formed if an optically active alkyl halide undergoes substitution reaction by S_N 1 mechanism. 2. Name the instrument used for measuring the angle by which the plane polarised light is rotated. 3. Predict the major product formed when 2-Bromopentane reacts with alcoholic KOH. 4. Give one use of CHI_3 5. Write the structures of the products formed when anisole is treated with HI.
Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reaction is mainly of two types: S_(N)1 and S_(N)2 . The S_(N)1 mechanism is a two step process. Reaction velocity of S_(N)1 reaction depends only on the concentration of the substrate. Since product formation takes place by the formation of carbocation, optically active substrate gives (+) and (-) forms of the product. In most of the cases the product usually consits of 5-20% inverted product and 80-95% racemised species. The more stable the carbocation, the greater is the proportion of racemisation. In solvolysis reaction, the more nucleophilic the solvent, the greater is the proportion of inversion. Which one of the following compound will give S_(N)1 reaction predominantly?
Compound 'A' with molecular formula C_(4)H_(9) Br is treated with aq. KOH solution. The rate of this reaction depends upon the the concentration of the compounds 'A' only. When another optically active isomer 'B' of this compound was treated with aq. KOH solution, the rate of reaction was found to be dependent on concentration of compound and KOH both. (i) Write down the structural formula of both compounds 'A' and 'B'. (ii) Out of these two compounds, which one will be converted to the product with inverted configuration.
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